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UK VAT Calculator

Add VAT to a net price or extract the VAT from a gross amount at the UK standard 20%, reduced 5% or zero rate.

£0
Net—
VAT—
Gross—

In short

UK VAT is 20% standard, 5% reduced and 0% zero-rated. To add VAT multiply by 1.2; to remove it divide the gross by 1.2. Businesses must register once taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 in a rolling 12 months.

Who this is for: UK businesses and shoppers adding or removing VAT at 20%, 5% or 0%.

Not tax or legal advice. Rates as published by HMRC. Which rate applies to a specific supply can be complex — check HMRC guidance or an accountant.
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UK VAT rates

  • Standard 20% — most goods and services.
  • Reduced 5% — e.g. domestic fuel and power, children's car seats, some energy-saving materials.
  • Zero 0% — e.g. most food, books, children's clothes. Still "VATable" (you can reclaim input VAT), unlike exempt supplies.

To remove VAT from a gross figure divide by 1.2 (not multiply by 0.8). The registration threshold is £90,000 of taxable turnover in a rolling 12 months.

See also: UK Corporation Tax Calculator.

Source: gov.uk — VAT rates.

Assumptions

  • Rates offered are 20%, 5% and 0%.
  • Removing VAT divides by (1 + rate).

Worked example

£1,200 gross at 20%

Net = 1,200 ÷ 1.2 = £1,000; VAT = £200.

Frequently asked questions

What's the difference between zero-rated and exempt?

Zero-rated sales are taxable at 0% and let you reclaim VAT on costs; exempt sales (insurance, most financial services, some education) don't.

Do I charge VAT to EU customers?

For most B2B services, no — reverse charge applies. Goods exported outside the UK are generally zero-rated. Rules differ by supply; check HMRC guidance.

Is the flat rate scheme the same?

No — under the flat rate scheme you still charge 20% but pay HMRC a lower fixed percentage of gross turnover; this calculator only handles standard accounting.

What is the UK VAT registration threshold?

£90,000 of taxable turnover in any rolling 12-month period; you can register voluntarily below it.

Are children's clothes and food really 0%?

Most food, children's clothing and footwear, books and newspapers are zero-rated; restaurant meals, confectionery and adult clothing are standard-rated.

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Same topic in other countries

UAE VAT CalculatorAdd 5% VAT to a price, or work out the VAT already included in a VAT-inclusive amount.Saudi VAT Calculator (15%)Add 15% Saudi VAT to a price, or extract the VAT already included in a VAT-inclusive amount.Pakistan Income Tax Calculator (Salary)Estimate your Pakistan salary income tax, monthly and annual, based on the latest FBR slabs.

See all United Kingdom calculators → · All free online calculators

Written by the Swift IT Sols editorial team · SWIFT SOLSRules sourced from the official authorities named on this page and last checked How we source and check calculators

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